CHEM 223 (CHEM223)

3D representations of chemical molecules is included (Newman projections, sawhorse representations, and wedge and dash models). Tables and figures is provided to show the geometry and energy of the different "Chair Flips” observed in the following molecules: methylcyclohexane, ​trans-1​ ,2-dimethylcyclohexane, and ​cis-1​ ,3-dimethylcyclohexane. Lab done online, during COVID-19. Incorrect post lab questions are corrected for you =)

4-methylcyclohexene was synthesized through dehydration of 4-methylcyclohexanol, in the presence of an acid catalyst. The obtained product was identified using various methods (e.g. Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy and chemical tests for unsaturation (bromination test & permanganate test)). Lab done online, during COVID-19. Still includes detailed tables and IR Spectra. All correct post lab questions.

A secondary alcohol (cyclohexanol) was oxidized into a ketone (cyclohexanone) using an oxidizing agent (Hypochlorous acid). By manipulating solubility differences between these two cyclic structures, the two were separated to obtain a single and/or both products, which will be identified using Infrared (IR) spectroscopy (all IR included in lab report). Lab done online, during COVID-19.

Stock solvent-nucleophile medium (SNM) was prepared (NH​4B​ R/H​2S​ O​4)​ in order to observe reactions that occurs after the addition of a primary (1°) alcohol (1-butanol) and a tertiary (3°) alcohol (2-Methyl-2-butanol), respectively. Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy was used and recorded. Lab was done online, during COVID 19. All IR Spectra are still included, which are all correctly drawn =)

An acid-base extraction was used to separate a binary mixture and the components of an unknown mixture was predicted. CHEM 223. Hunter College lab. Half the experiment was done in lab and the other half was done online, during COVID-19.

A Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Plate was used to calculate the ratio to the front (R​f)​ values for the the given compounds: anthracene, cholesterol, 1,4-naphthoquinone, ​p​-nitroaniline. CHEM 223. Hunter College, CUNY. Experiment done in lab, before COVID-19. Includes images, figures, and tables.

A mixture of methanol-water was distilled (Simple distillation, fractional distillation) and temperature at which the sample boiled was recorded. The results of both distillations were compared and graphed (mL of distillate vs Temperature). Done in lab, before COVID 19. For Hunter College's CHEM 223. Includes all work for post lab questions.

An unknown solid was purified, through recrystallization, in order to determine its identity. The mixed melting point technique was employed to confirm the identity of the pure solid, using given reference samples. All calculations, graphs, tables, and post lab questions are included. Experiment done in lab, before COVID-19.

The melting point of 2 known compounds (​trans​-cinnamic acid & urea) were measured in order to observe changes that occur once they are mixed in a 1:1 ratio. Using similar methods, the melting point of an unknown compound was determined. To confirm the identity of the unknown solid, a 1:1 sample of the unknown and a reference sample. Experiment done in lab, before COVID-19.