Campbell Biology Bundled Exams with complete solution

macromolecules - A giant molecule in a living organism formed by the joining of smaller molecules: a protein, carbohydrate, or nucleic acid. polymer - a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds monomers - repeating units that serve as the bui...

animals - multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues developed from embryonic layers collagen - the most abundant structural protein that helds together the animal cells cleavage - The process of cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically...

Amihipathic - a hydrophilic and hydrophobic region; phosholipid is this Fluid mosaic model - How phospholipids and proteins are arranged in the membrane of cells; membrane is a fluid structure with a mosaic of various proteins embedded or attached to a bilayer of phospholipids Integral proteins ...

hyllotaxy - the arrangement of leaves on a stem, is specific to each species. leaf area index - the ratio of total upper leaf surface of a plant divided by the surface area of land on which it grows self-pruning - Non-productive leaves in a crop or plant go through programmed cell death (apoptos...

light microscope (LM) - visible light is passed through the specimen and then through glass lenses organelles - the membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells electron microscope (EM) - focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen or onto its surface scanning electron microscope (SE...

interstitial fluid - liquid found between the cells of the body that provides much of the liquid environment of the body circulatory fluid - blood or hemolymph tissues - groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism 4 types of animal tissue - 1. Epithelial tissue 2. Co...

polar molecule - molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end 4 emergent properties of water - 1. Cohesion 2. Temperature Moderation 3. Expands upon freezing 4. Versatile as solvent cohesion - tendency of molecules of the s...

Macroevolution - The broad pattern of evolution above the species level Chemical and physical processes on early earth may have produced very simple cells through a sequence of stages - abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules joining of these small molecules into macromolecules packaging of...

Evolution - Evolution is the process of change that has transformed life on Earth DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid: a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix Emergent properties - New properties that arise with each step upward in t...

metabolism - the totality of an organism's chemical reactions metabolic pathway - a series of chemical reactions that begins with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a series of steps catalyzed by specific enzymes, resulting in a certain product catabolic pathway (breakdown pathway) - ...

matter - anything that has mass and takes up space element - any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. (92 elements are recognized, 25 are essentil for life) compound - consisting of two or more substances or ingredients or elements or parts combined ...

rganic Compounds - carbon based molecules Hydrocarbons - compounds composed of only hydrogen and carbon Carbon Skeleton - the chain of carbon molecules in a molecule Isomers - element with different # of neutrons Functional Groups - a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions o...

What are the 7 Properties/Characteristics of Life - 1. Order 2. Regulation 3. Energy Processing 4. Evolutionary Adaptation 5. Response to the Environment 6. Reproduction 7. Growth and Development Prokaryotic Cells - Have no nucleus, and lack membrane bound organelles. Bacteria. Eukaryotic Ce...