Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Other Dermatological Disorders (Smarty PANCE): Acanthosis nigricans, Hidradenitis suppurativa, Lipomas/epithelial inclusion cysts, Photosensitivity reactions, Pilonidal disease, Urticaria Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is acanthosis nigricans? Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a benign dermatosis characterized by velvety, hyperpigmented, hyperkeratotic plaques, which are usually symmetric What areas of acanthosis nigricans are most often affected? Most often occurs on the posterio...

Acanthosis nigricans (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is acanthosis nigricans? Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a benign dermatosis characterized by velvety, hyperpigmented, hyperkeratotic plaques, which are usually symmetric What areas of acanthosis nigricans are most often affected? Most often occurs on the posterior neck, flexural and intertriginous surfaces (axilla, elbow, inframammary areas, groin and anogenital regions), and sometimes in mucocutaneous areas Wha...

Varicella Zoster Virus Infections (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What disease is caused by herpesvirus (HHV3) that presents with multiple crops of lesions in various stages, from vesicles to crusts? Varicella (chicken pox) is a disease caused by HHV3 that presents with multiple crops of lesions in various stages from vesicles to crusts. What is a disease caused by the reactivation of varicella infection that usually presents with a rash in a very specific dermatoma...

Musculoskeletal Neoplastic Disease (Benign and Malignant) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Osteosarcoma Kids 10-14 years. X-ray: sun ray/burst or hair on end appearance. Ewing's Sarcoma Kids 5-25 years. Pain, often accompanied by fever, often mimics an infection. May have palpable mass, swelling, and local tenderness. X-ray: appears as a lytic lesion with an onion-skin appearance of the periosteum. Chondrosarcoma Cancer of cartilage seen commonly in adults aged 50+ years. X-ray: In...

Disorders of the Shoulder (PEARLS) - Shoulder Fractures/dislocations and Soft tissue injuries of the shoulder (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers | Graded A+ The shoulder is made up of what three bones? The shoulder is made up of three bones: ● Scapula (shoulder blade) ● Clavicle (collar bone) ● Humerus (arm bone) These bones are joined together by soft tissues (ligaments, tendons, muscles, and joint capsule) to form a platform for the arm to work. The shoulder is made up o...

Sjögren syndrome (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is Sjögren syndrome (SjS)? A chronic, progressive autoimmune disease with infiltration of exocrine glands by lymphocytes and plasma cells What is the clinical hallmark of Sjögren syndrome (SjS)? Dryness of the eyes and mouth caused by decreased lacrimal and salivary gland function What is the incidence of Sjögren syndrome (SjS)? It is the second most commonly recognized autoimmune disease (it may actually be ...

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)/Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers Already Graded A+ What is Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)? A spectrum of liver conditions NOT related to alcohol consumption, ranging from simple steatosis to MASH, potentially leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Name two conditions that are part of metabolic syndrome and increase MASLD risk Any...

Angioedema (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is the main difference between angioedema and hives (urticaria)? Angioedema involves deeper swelling under the skin, hives are superficial Name three common triggers of angioedema It can be caused by allergic reactions (histamine-mediated), certain medications (ACE inhibitors), or hereditary factors (C1 inhibitor deficiency) What is the most serious complication of angioedema? Airway obstruction What is the initial mana...

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is the hallmark triad of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)? Hyperglycemia, Hyperosmolarity, Severe Dehydration What is a key differential feature between HHS and DKA? HHS generally lacks significant ketosis Name two common triggers for HHS in older adults Infections (pneumonia, UTI), recent medical events (heart attack, stroke) What is the first line of treatment for HHS? Aggressi...

Hypocoagulable States (Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Name two inherited hypocoagulable disorders Hemophilia A/Hemophilia B, von Willebrand Disease What lab tests are essential in the initial workup of a bleeding disorder? CBC, PT, aPTT A prolonged aPTT needs investigation. What are the broad possibilities? Factor deficiency, anticoagulant medication, presence of an inhibitor (e.g., antiphospholipid antibody) What vitamin is essential for the function of several clot...