Microbiology Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

what is antibiotic selection? Correct Answer-the most resistant cells surviving when antibiotic resistance is around where can abx selection occur? Correct Answer-anywhere that bacteria and abx is present name a common use for abx selection in microbiological research Correct Answer-identifying particular cells that contain a DNA of interest -ex: plasma, transform cells w a plasma and plate them on an agar Why does virtually every plasmid used for scientific research contain an antibio...

Why is the bacterial cell wall a good target for antibiotic action? There are 2 criteria it meets Correct Answer-- different than animal cells - essential for life How do gram-positive and gram-negative cells typically differ with respect to their cell envelope? Correct Answer-Gram positive: Thick peptidoglycan, no outer membrane Gram negative: outer membrane, thin peptidoglycan Why are gram-negative organisms typically more resistant to antibiotics? Correct Answer-The outer membrane ac...

What characterized medicine before the late 19th century? Correct Answer-the four humors//paliative or aggressive What were some common medical interventions? Correct Answer-Palliative and aggressive interventions - non-curative but relieves symptoms, often did more harm than good; make you bleed, urinate, deficate Who defined the "four humors" theory and when was it defined? Correct Answer-Galen in 150 A.D What are the four humors? Correct Answer-black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and ...

What are the essential features of an antibiotic? correct answer- 1) kill/stop bacterial growth and 2) not harm the host Is aspirin an antibiotic? why or why not? correct answer- no, it does not stop bacterial growth is bleach (sodium hypochlorite) an antibiotic? why or why not? correct answer- no, it harms the host What are practical features of an antibiotic? correct answer- get where it needs to go in the body and be desynthesized, cost effective w/ sufficient quantities what do w...

What characterized medicine before the late 19th century? Correct Answer-palliative and aggressive interventions what were some common medical interventions before the 19th? Correct Answer-blood letting vomitting enema who defined the four humors theory? when was it defined? what are the four humors? Correct Answer-Galon 150 A.D black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood letting contrast the treatment required by the "four humors" theory of disease and the germ theory of disease. ...

What is a fundamental principle of small grain agronomy? Correct Answer-Plant quality seed Provide adequate plant nutrition Control pests Plant for the next production cycle Of the cereal grains that can be malted for brewing beer, which was not grown in Oklahoma for more than 50 years Correct Answer-Barley Much of what we know about growing other cereal grains was learned from growing _____, because it's the number one grain crop in Oklahoma Correct Answer-Wheat Triticale is a cros...

What is a pathogen? correct answer A microbial organism that causes disease. What is a commensal organism? correct answer Harmless bacteria that are on our body and can only cause disease if they are accidentally introduced into deeper tissues. Describe the human microbiome. correct answer All the microbes in or on our body. Name the body sites that are most hospitable to bacteria and have their own microbiomes. correct answer Mouth, Respiratory tract, Stomach, Intestines (most hospitab...

What is immunity? Correct Answer-The state of protection against foreign pathogens or substances (antigens) How do you generate immunity without disease? Correct Answer-Immunization What does immunization do? Correct Answer-Prepares the immune system for eradication of the antigen What is herd immunity? Correct Answer-Vaccination/protection of a critical mass of people What is humoral immunity? Correct Answer-Combats pathogens via antibodies What are antibodies produced by? Correc...

3 Domains Correct Answer-1)Archaea 2)Bacteria 3)Eukaryota Endosymbiont Theory Definition Correct Answer-Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes based on similarities found between bacteria and mitochondria Microbe Definition Correct Answer-microscopic living organism that may be single celled (prokaryotic) or multicellular (eukaryotic) _____________ is abundant in the atmosphere but only a few species of microbes can use it in this form Correct Answer-Nitrogen The total biomass on Eart...

The first plant virus discovered Correct Answer-Tobacco mosaic virus The first animal virus discovered Correct Answer-Foot-and-mouth disease The first human virus discovered Correct Answer-Yellow fever Nucleic Acids Correct Answer-RNA or DNA as the genetic material Proteins Correct Answer-Structural and non-structural Lipids Correct Answer-For enveloped viruses only; derived from cellular lipid bilayer Carbohydrate Correct Answer-In glycoproteins and glycolipids, involved in at...