Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

BIO 242 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Which lines of defense would be considered nonspecific? - ANSWER First line of defense Second line of defense Differentiate between components of first and second line defense - ANSWER FIRST:Physical and Chemical barriers SECOND: phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, antimicrobial proteins FLOD: lysozome - ANSWER is secreted in tears in saliva What human body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic a...

BIO 242 Midterm Exam With Correct Questions And Answers 2024

BIO 242 Exam 1 With Correct Questions And Answers 2024

Microorganisms are classified in various taxonomic categories: they can be prokaryotic (bacteria and archaea); or eukaryotic (animals, plants, protists, fungi). While virus, viroids, and other infectious agents such as prions are also microscopic, they are not considered living organisms because they are acellular (lacking a cell). Unicellular organisms (prokaryotes and eukaryotes) and many multicellular organisms (eukaryotes) are microscopic living organisms. An instrument called a ___...

Liquid media Water-based solutions that do not solidify at temperatures above freezing and flow freely (Broths, milks, infusions) Semisolid media -Exhibits a clot-like consistency at room temperature -Contains enough gelatin or agar to thicken but not produce a firm surface -Used to determine motility of bacteria Solid media -Provides a firm surface upon which cells can form discrete colonies -Used to isolate bacteria and fungi Agar • Complex polysaccharide isolated from the red a...

First line of defense Skin - layer of epidermal cells is constantly dividing and cells are move outward where they die and dry out Form a sort of armor. Follicle cells have associated oil (fatty acids) producing glands and sweat glands produce salty water There are also antimicrobial peptides produced and deposited on the skin. Mucous membranes - single layer of cells with mucous producing cells + ciliated cells to keep the mucous moving Nasal hairs help capture particles, including microbe...

Tropic hormone TSH, ACTH, FSH, and LH are all tropic hormones ("messenger hormones"- regulate the secretory action of other endocrine glands) Endocrine gland (Innie) pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands Exocrine Gland (Outie) More numerous than endocrine glands, secrete products into ducts and secretion released onto the body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities to reduce friction Neuroendocrine organ Hypothalamus, has neural functions & produces and releases h...

gastrocnemius origin Femoral condyle gastrocnemius insertion Calcaneous Gastrocnemius action plantar flexion soleus origin (2) Head and proximal shaft of fibula, postmedial shaft of tibia soleus insertion Calcaneous soleus action plantar flexion sartorius action (3) Hip flexion & external rotation, knee flexion rectus femoris origin (2) ilium (anterior inferior iliac spine), superior margin of acetabulum rectus femoris insertion (2) Patella, tibial tuberosity rectus fe...

Taxonomy The field of biology that is involved in naming, describing, and classifying organisms, both extinct species and extant species International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) The formal rules used by scientists in naming to promote stability and universality in the scientific names of animals and other organisms. Classification One branch of taxonomy where various things are identified and grouped together into groups. This orders and ranks things into a series of hierarchia...

Organic Nutrient An organism that contains carbon and hydrogen Inorganic Nutrient An organism that does not contan carbon and hydrogen Phototroph An organism that gains energy from light through photosynthesis Heterotroph An organism that must obtain carbon in an organic form - they are dependent on other life forms Chemotroph An organism that gains energy from chemical compounds - this means they eat things. Harvesting energy from the things they eat. Autotroph An organism that g...

The threshold of a neuron is the: d. total amount of neurotransmitter it takes to cause an action potential. An neuronal circuit in which one presynaptic neuron stimulates a group of neurons, each of which then synapses with a common postsynaptic cell is a: d. parallel after-discharge circuit. Following injury to a peripheral neuron, chromatolysis occurs, which is: b. breakup of the Nissl bodies. Cerebrospinal fluid normally circulates in the: c. subarachnoid space. The part of a spi...