ALU 301 Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Chromatin Threadlike structures composed of DNA and protein that extend throughout the nucleoplasm. Golgi Apparatus has a secretory function. Apparatus that is a series of flat membranous sacs. Carbs are synthesized here and packaged with other materials for secretion from the cell. Chromosomes Humans have 23 pairs. 22 Autosomes and then one pair of sex chromosomes. Rod-like structures consisting of tightly coiled DNA and protein. When a cell begins to divide, the chromatin coils tightly i...

Alleles Gene possibilities. A person has two alleles for each protein or trait, they can be the same or different. Amnion an embryonic membrane that holds the fetus suspended in amniotic fluid; fuses with the chorion by the end of the third month of gestation Amniotic fluid the fluid contained within the amnion; cushions the fetus and absorbs shock Autosomes chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes; for people there are 22 pairs of autosomes in each somatic cell Cleavage the series...

Paralysis A loss of muscle function of one or more muscle groups. Often a result of trauma to the brain or spinal cord, but other major causes include tumors, vascular insult, motor neuron or demyelinating diseases, inflammation and infection. Can be temporary, intermittent, progressive or permanent. Paresis Incomplete or partial paralysis. Monoplegia/monoparesis Paralysis or paresis of a single limb. Diplegia Paralysis that is bilateral, usually affecting lower limbs greater than upper...

ALU 301 Exam study Guide |Questions with Complete Solutions Cells that can recognize altered surface molecules on mutated host cells add "foreign" and move to destroy the cell that carries them are: 1. complements 2. receptors 3. natural killers 4. mediators natural killers All of the following are common examples of autoimmune disease EXCEPT: 1. Hashimoto's thyroiditis 2. systemic lupus erythema toss 3. Grave's thyroid disease 4. poliomyelitis poliomyelitus Which of...

ALU 301 Exam Practice Questions With Correct Answers. An example of a basic Activity of Daily Living (ADL) is: 2. DRESSING Cell membrane molecules that conform to a target on a microbe or foreign substance are: 1. receptors The "gold standard" test for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease is 4. cardiac catheterization Biologic therapy used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is: 2. Remicade The Rai and Binet classification systems are used for: 4. chro...

ALU 301 Chapter 3 Test Complete Questions And Answers Multiple Sclerosis (MS) autoimmune disorder where the body mistakenly attacks the brain and spinal cord; chronic degenerative disease of central nervous system; uncertain etiology Demyelination MS attacks the myelin sheath in multiple areas of the CNS resulting in formation of scar tissue or plaques; interferes w/ normal nerve conduction & impulse transmission Causes of MS? No known cause for MS, however, factors associated wit...

Heart "Clicks" Most often associated with Mitral Valve Prolapse Sensitivity A test's ability to perceive and measure amounts or differences, whether small or large. A sensitive medical test is one that will be able to give a positive result when a particular condition is present, even during early stages. Ex - EKG test. Specificity A test's ability to identify exactly one unique object or situation. A specific medical test is only positive for one particular disease or condition. Ex - ...

Germ Theory of Disease Developed late in the 19th century by Louis Pateur and Robert Koch. This theory postulated that each disease is caused by a microbe specific for that disease. Koch's Postulates Used to determine if disease is attributable to a certain microorganism: 1. The same pathogen must be found in all diseased individuals w/ same symptoms. 2. The pathogen must be isolated from the individual w/ the disease and grown in a culture. 3. The same disease must be induced in an exper...

What heart conditions account for 80% of cases of congenital heart disease? 1. Three obstructions - pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta. 2. Three left-to-right shunts - atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus. 3. Two complex cyanotic conditions - tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries. Congenital heart defects that can remain undetected until adult years? Atrial septal defect and mild aortic valve disorders. H...

Organ systems involved in Movement Muscular- Moves the bones Skeletal- bones are moved at joints by muscles Nervous-transmits impulses to muscle to cause contraction Respiratory- Exchanges O2 and CO2 between the air and blood. Circulatory: transports O2 to muscles and removes CO2 Muscle Structure 1. Muscle fibers (cells) are specialized to connect, shorten and produce movement. 2. A skeletal muscle is made of thousands of muscle fibers. 3. Tendons attach muscles to bones Antagonistic...