BIO2015 Human Pathophysiology (BIO2015)

BIO2015 Human Pathophysiology Renal System TEST PREP 1. What is the normal plasma osmolarity levels? 285-295 mOsm/L 2. What values would constitute concentrated vs. dilute urine? Concentrated: >1000 mOsm/L dilute: 3. What organ is the main regulator of osmolarity? The kidneys 4. What is the equation for Posm? Posm = 2 x [Na (mEq/L)]p [glucose (mg/dl)]/18 [BUN (mg/dl)]/2.8 5. What are the main components of the calculated blood osmolarity? Na , BUN, glucose 6. How doe...

BIO2015 Human Pathophysiology Respiratory System TEST PREP 2 1. What are some causes of airway narrowing? -Smooth muscle constriction -Plugging of the airway -Edema of the airway wall -Loss of the retractive forces of the lung parenchyma -Loss of tethering 2. How does airway narrowing affect the body? Airway narrows --> increased Raw (airway resistance) --> more difficult for respiratory muscles to move air in and out of the lungs (need to generate more pressure) 3. How is Raw an...

BIO2015 Human Pathophysiology Respiratory System TEST PREP 1 1. What are the major and minor functions of the respiratory system? Major: supply oxygen, remove carbon dioxide Minor: humidify and filter air 2. What are the conducting zones and what are their functions/features? Consists of: upper airways, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles Function: get air to alveoli; filter and humidify air Features: mucociliary ladder, mucous glands, ciliated cells, goblet cells, smooth muscle, cartilage ...