PATHO 302 (PATHO 302)
Carson-Newman University
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Carson-Newman University - PATHO 302 Exam 3 Study Guide, Complete A+ guide, helpful.
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Patho Exam 3: 
Esophageal Issues: 
Disorders of the upper GI tract affect the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. Smoking, alcohol abuse, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, abbreviated NSAIDs, may cause upper GI disorders. 
Dysfunctions of the esophagus include dysphagia, which is difficulty swallowing, normally the result of neuromuscular dysfunction. At the bottom of the esophagus is the lower esophageal sphincter, abbreviated L.E.S. If the LES doesn’t close properly, stomach ac...