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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
Gluteus maximus
Answer: Origin: 1. Iliac crest 2. Sacrum 3. Coccyx 4. Sacrotuberous ligament (off the inferior corner of the sacrum) and the fascia overing the gluteus medius Insertion: Iliotibial band/tract (can’t palpate) and gluteal tuberosity of the femur Function: (5) 1. Extension of thigh @ hip joint MAIN 2. Abduction of thigh @ hip joint (upper 1/3) 3. Adduction of thigh @ hip joint (lower 2/3) 4. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint MAIN 5. Helps lock knee in extension (IT band) Nerve: Inferior gluteal nerve
2.
Gluteus medius
Answer: Origin: External surface of ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines Insertion: Lateral surface of greater trochanter of the femur Function: (5) 1. Abduction of thigh @ hip joint (entire muscle) MAIN 2. Flexion of thigh @ hip joint (anterior fibers) 3. Medial rotation of thigh @ hip joint (anterior fibers) 4. Extension of thigh @ hip joint (posterior fibers) 5. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint (posterior fibers) Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve
3.
Gluteus minimus
Answer: Origin: Gluteal surface of ilium; between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines Insertion: Anterior surface of greater trochanter of the femur Function: (5) 1. Abduction of thigh @ hip joint (entire muscle) 2. Flexion of thigh @ hip joint (anterior fibers) 3. Medial rotation of thigh @ hip joint (anterior fibers) 4. Extension of thigh @ hip joint (posterior fibers) 5. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint (posterior fibers) Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve
4.
Tensor fascia lata/Tensor fasciae latae
Answer: Origin: Anterior iliac crest Insertion: Tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle) via ITB (ITT) (1/3 of the way down the thigh) Function: (5) 1. Flexion of thigh @ hip joint 2. Abduction of thigh @ hip joint 3. Medial rotation of thigh @ hip joint 4. Lateral rotation of leg @ knee joint 5. Helps lock knee in extension (IT band) Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve
5.
Piriformis
Answer: Origin: Anterior sacrum Insertion: Superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur Function: (2) 1. Horizontal abduction of thigh @ hip joint 2. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint (when hip is extended) MAIN Nerve: Nerve to piriformis (from sacral plexus)
6.
Superior gemellus
Answer: Origin: Ischial spine Insertion: Medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur Function: (2) 1. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint 2. Horizontal abduction of thigh @ hip joint Nerve: Nerve to obturator internus (from sacral plexus)
7.
Obturator internus
Answer: Origin: Inner surface of the obturator membrane Insertion: Medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur Function: (2) 1. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint 2. Horizontal abduction of thigh @ hip joint Nerve: Nerve to orburator internus (from sacral plexus)
8.
Inferior gemellus
Answer: Origin: Ischial tuberosity (just below ischial spine) Insertion: Medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur Function: (2) 1. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint 2. Horizontal abduction of thigh @ hip join Nerve: Nerve to quadratus femoris (from sacral plexus)
9.
Quadratus femoris
Answer: Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Quadrate tubercle of femur (just below trochanteric fossa) Function: (2) 1. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint 2. Adduction of thigh @ hip joint Nerve: Nerve to quadratus femoris (from sacral plexus)
10.
Obturator externus
Answer: Origin: Outer surface of the obturator membrane Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of femur (just below greater trochanter) Function: (2) 1. Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint 2. Adduction of thigh @ hip joint Nerve: Obturator nerve
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